Cloud computing and virtualization have transformed the way organizations manage their IT infrastructure, offering benefits such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and improved resource utilization. However, along with the numerous advantages, there are several challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation and adoption of these technologies. This paper explores the key challenges facing cloud computing and virtualization from technological, security, and management perspectives. It identifies the challenges and proposes potential solutions to mitigate their impact, thus enabling organizations to fully leverage the benefits of cloud computing and virtualization.